Ntchito ya pampu yamadzi

Mapampu amadzi ayamba limodzi ndi mafakitale. M'zaka za m'ma 1800, panali mitundu yathunthu yokwanira ndi mitundu ya mapampi mapampi kunja, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi 1880, kupanga kwa mapampu wamba pa centrifugal kukhala oposa 90% ya kampu yonse, pomwe mapampu apadera monga mapampu okwera, ndi mapampu a mankhwala, ndi migondu ya migonje, ndi migodi ya Prop lonse. Podzafika mu 1960, mapampu a General-of Facy adawerengera pafupifupi 45% yokha, pomwe mapampu apadera amawerengedwa pafupifupi 55%. Malinga ndi chitukuko cha masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa cholinga chapadera kwapadera kudzakhala kwakukulu kuposa kwa mapulogalamu a General.

Poyambirira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, mapampu ophatikizika adayamba kupangidwa ndi United States kuti abwezeretse mapampu amphamvu. Pambuyo pake, mayiko a ku Europe adachitanso kafukufuku komanso chitukuko, mosalekeza kusintha pang'onopang'ono ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, mgodi wa Rhine Brown ku Germany umagwiritsa ntchito mapampu magetsi oposa 2500, omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri mpaka 1600kW ndi mutu wa 410m.

Magetsi amagetsi pamlengalenga mwathu adapangidwa mu 1960s, yomwe pomwe pampu yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira kum'mwera, ndipo mapampu ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati adapanga mndandanda ndipo adakhala gwiritsani ntchito zazikulu. Matumba ambiri ndi magetsi okwera kwambiri okwera mapazi ndi mabwalo amagetsi ayambitsidwanso, ndipo mapampu akuluakulu ophatikizika omwe ali ndi ma 500 ndi 1200 kw agwiriridwa mu migodi. Mwachitsanzo, makampani achitsulo ndi zitsulo amagwiritsa ntchito pampu yamagetsi ya 500kW yosinthira a Quani otseguka-pit, omwe ali ndi mphamvu nthawi yamvula. Pali zisonyezo kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu owonjezera magetsi kumasintha zida zoyambira ku migodi, ndi kuthekera kusinthira mapampu akuluakulu opingasa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kokulirapo zowonjezera magetsi pamagetsi pakadali pano akutsutsana.

Makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pampu, amayendetsa, ndikuwonjezera zakumwa za zakumwa nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti mapampu. Kuchokera pamagetsi, pampu ndi makina omwe amasintha mphamvu yamakina kukhala mphamvu yayikulu mu mphamvu yoperekedwa ndi madzi, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi.

Ntchito ya pampu yamadzi nthawi zambiri imakoka madzi kuchokera pamtunda wapansi ndikuzinyamula pamapaipi kupita ku malo apamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, zomwe tikuwona patsiku lathu latsiku ndi tsiku ndikugwiritsa ntchito pampu kuti imize madzi ndi dziwe lakuthirira minda. Mwachitsanzo, kupatuka madzi kuchokera pazabwino zakuya ndikupereka kwa nsanja zamadzi. Chifukwa chakuti kukakamizidwa kwamadzi kumatha kuwonjezeka pambuyo podutsa pampu, ntchito ya pampu ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchotsa madziwo ndi kupsinjika ndikugonjetsa ponseponse kukakamiza kapena malo ena ofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, puri yodyetsa yamadzi yodyetsa imatulutsa madzi kuchokera ku tanki yamadzi yotsika kuti idyetse madzi m'munda wa boiler wokhala ndi zovuta zambiri.

Kuchuluka kwa mapampu kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mapampu yayikulu kumatha kufikira mazana angapo m3 / h kapena kupitilira; Kuchuluka kwa mapampu a micro kuli pansipa kwa ml / h. Kukakamizidwa kwake kumatha kufika pa 1000mmna yochokera ku milengalenga. Imatha kunyamula zakumwa pamatenthedwe kuyambira -200℃kupitirira 800℃. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zakumwa zomwe zitha kunyamulidwa ndi mapampu,

Imatha kunyamula madzi (madzi oyera, sedage, ndi zina, mafuta, zoyambira, kuyimitsidwa, ndi zitsulo zamadzimadzi. Chifukwa chakuti mapampu ambiri omwe amawona m'miyoyo yawo yatsiku ndi tsiku amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula madzi, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ngati mapampu amadzi. Komabe, monga momwe mapampu, mawuwa samveka.

ChithunziAdilesi yogula yamadzi