Zachidziwikire: Ma injini a dizilo amatha kutulutsa mphamvu panthawi yogwira ntchito.Kuwonjezera pa kuyaka chipinda ndi crank kulumikiza ndodo limagwirira kuti mwachindunji kutembenuza mphamvu matenthedwe mafuta mu mphamvu makina, iwo ayeneranso lolingana njira ndi machitidwe kuonetsetsa ntchito yawo, ndi njira ndi machitidwe olumikizidwa ndi kugwirizana.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito za injini za dizilo zimakhala ndi machitidwe ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana, koma ntchito zawo ndizofanana.Injini ya dizilo imapangidwa makamaka ndi zigawo za thupi ndi makina olumikizira ndodo, njira zogawira ma valve ndi njira zolowera ndi zotulutsa, makina opangira mafuta ndi liwiro, makina opaka mafuta, makina ozizira, zida zoyambira ndi njira zina ndi machitidwe.
1. Kupanga ndi chigawo ntchito ya injini dizilo
Injini ya dizilo ndi mtundu wa injini yoyaka mkati, yomwe ndi chipangizo chosinthira mphamvu chomwe chimasintha mphamvu ya kutentha yomwe imatulutsidwa kuchokera kuyaka kwamafuta kukhala mphamvu yamakina.Injini ya dizilo ndi gawo lamphamvu la seti ya jenereta, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi makina olumikizira ndodo ya crankshaft ndi zigawo za thupi, makina ogawa ma valve ndi njira yolowera ndi kutulutsa, makina operekera dizilo, makina opaka mafuta, makina ozizira, ndi magetsi.
1. Njira yolumikizira ndodo ya Crankshaft
Kuti mutembenuzire mphamvu yotentha yomwe mwapeza kukhala mphamvu yamakina, ndikofunikira kumaliza kudzera pamakina olumikizira ndodo ya crankshaft.Makinawa amapangidwa makamaka ndi zida monga ma pistoni, ma pistoni, ndodo zolumikizira, ma crankshafts, ndi ma flywheels,.Mafuta akayaka ndi kuyaka m'chipinda choyaka moto, kufalikira kwa gasi kumapangitsa kuti pisitoni ifike pamwamba pa pistoni, ndikukankhira pisitoniyo kuti isunthe mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo molunjika.Mothandizidwa ndi ndodo yolumikizira, crankshaft imazungulira kuyendetsa makina ogwirira ntchito (katundu) kuti agwire ntchito.
2. Gulu la thupi
Zigawo za thupi makamaka ndi cylinder block, silinda mutu, ndi crankcase.Ndiwo masanjidwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakina a injini za dizilo, ndipo mbali zake zambiri ndi zigawo za injini ya dizilo ndi njira zolumikizira ndodo, njira zogawa ma valve ndi makina otengera ndi kutulutsa, makina operekera mafuta ndi liwiro, makina opaka mafuta, ndi kuziziritsa. machitidwe.Mwachitsanzo, mutu wa silinda ndi pisitoni korona palimodzi zimapanga chipinda choyaka moto, ndipo mbali zambiri, ma ducts olowera ndi utsi, ndi ndime zamafuta zimakonzedwanso pamenepo.
3. Njira yogawa ma valve
Kuti chipangizochi chizisintha mosalekeza mphamvu yotentha kukhala mphamvu yamakina, chikuyeneranso kukhala ndi njira zogawa mpweya kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimatenga mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse komanso kutulutsa gasi wotaya zinyalala.
Sitima yapamtunda ya valve imapangidwa ndi gulu la valve (valavu yolowera, valavu yotulutsa mpweya, chiwongolero cha valve, mpando wa valve, ndi kasupe wa valve, etc.) , ndi zina).Ntchito ya sitima ya valve ndikutsegula nthawi yake ndi kutseka ma valve olowetsa ndi kutulutsa molingana ndi zofunikira zina, kutulutsa mpweya wotuluka mu silinda, ndi kupuma mpweya wabwino, kuonetsetsa kuti injini ya dizilo ikuyenda bwino.
4. Njira yamafuta
Mphamvu yotentha iyenera kupereka kuchuluka kwa mafuta, omwe amatumizidwa mu chipinda choyaka moto ndikusakanikirana bwino ndi mpweya kuti apange kutentha.Choncho, payenera kukhala dongosolo mafuta.
Ntchito ya injini ya dizilo yoperekera mafuta ndikulowetsa kuchuluka kwa dizilo muchipinda choyatsira moto pamagetsi ena mkati mwa nthawi inayake, ndikusakaniza ndi mpweya kuti ugwire ntchito yoyaka.Makamaka imakhala ndi thanki ya dizilo, pampu yotumizira mafuta, fyuluta ya dizilo, pampu yojambulira mafuta (pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri), jekeseni wamafuta, chowongolera liwiro, ndi zina zambiri.
5. Kuzizira dongosolo
Kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa injini za dizilo ndikuwonetsetsa kutentha kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana, injini za dizilo ziyenera kukhala ndi njira yozizirira.Dongosolo lozizirira liyenera kukhala ndi zinthu monga mpope wamadzi, radiator, chotenthetsera, chotenthetsera, ndi jekete lamadzi.
6. Njira yothira mafuta
Ntchito ya makina opaka mafuta ndikutumiza mafuta opaka kumadera osiyanasiyana osuntha a injini ya dizilo, yomwe imathandizira kuchepetsa kukangana, kuzizira, kuyeretsa, kusindikiza, komanso kupewa dzimbiri, kuchepetsa kukangana ndi kuvala, komanso kutenga. kuchotsa kutentha kobwera chifukwa cha kukangana, potero kuonetsetsa kuti injini ya dizilo ikugwira ntchito bwino.Makamaka amakhala ndi pompa mafuta, fyuluta yamafuta, radiator yamafuta, ma valve osiyanasiyana, ndi njira zopangira mafuta.
7. Yambitsani dongosolo
Kuti muyambe injini ya dizilo mwachangu, chipangizo choyambira chimafunikanso kuwongolera chiyambi cha injini ya dizilo.Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyambira, zida zomwe zili ndi chipangizo choyambira nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi ma mota amagetsi kapena ma pneumatic motors.Kwa seti ya jenereta yamphamvu kwambiri, mpweya woponderezedwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira.
2. Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya injini ya dizilo inayi
Mu ndondomeko matenthedwe, kokha ndondomeko kukula kwa madzimadzi ntchito amatha kugwira ntchito, ndipo timafuna injini mosalekeza kupanga makina ntchito, choncho tiyenera kupanga madzimadzi ntchito kuwonjezera mobwerezabwereza.Choncho, m'pofunika kuyesa kubwezeretsa madzimadzi ogwirira ntchito ku chikhalidwe chake choyamba musanayambe kukula.Chifukwa chake, injini ya dizilo iyenera kudutsa njira zinayi zotenthetsera: kulowetsa, kuponderezana, kufutukula, ndi utsi isanabwerere momwe idayambira, kulola injini ya dizilo kuti ipange ntchito zamakina mosalekeza.Choncho, njira zinayi zomwe zili pamwambazi zimatchedwa kuzungulira kwa ntchito.Ngati pisitoni ya injini ya dizilo imaliza kugunda kanayi ndikumaliza ntchito imodzi, injiniyo imatchedwa injini ya dizilo inayi.
1. Kumwa sitiroko
Cholinga cha sitiroko yodya ndikutulutsa mpweya wabwino ndikukonzekera kuyaka kwamafuta.Kuti mukwaniritse kuyamwa, kusiyana kwapakati kuyenera kupangidwa pakati pa mkati ndi kunja kwa silinda.Chifukwa chake, panthawiyi, valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatseka, valavu yolowera imatsegulidwa, ndipo pisitoni imayenda kuchokera pamwamba pakufa kupita kumunsi pansi.Voliyumu ya silinda pamwamba pa pisitoni imakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuthamanga kumachepa.Kuthamanga kwa gasi mu silinda ndi pafupifupi 68-93kPa kutsika kuposa kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga.Pansi pa mphamvu ya mumlengalenga, mpweya wabwino umalowetsedwa mu silinda kudzera mu valve yolowera.Pistoni ikafika pakatikati pakufa, valavu yolowetsa imatseka ndipo sitiroko yolowera imatha.
2. Kuponderezedwa sitiroko
Cholinga cha psinjika stroke ndi kuonjezera kuthamanga ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mkati mwa silinda, kupanga zinthu zoyaka mafuta.Chifukwa cha ma valve otsekedwa otsekedwa ndi kutuluka, mpweya mu silinda umakanizidwa, ndipo kuthamanga ndi kutentha kumawonjezeka moyenerera.Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kuponderezana, ndipo ma injini a dizilo osiyanasiyana amatha kukhala ndi kusiyana pang'ono.Pistoni ikafika pakatikati pakufa, mphamvu ya mpweya mu silinda imafika (3000-5000) kPa ndipo kutentha kumafika 500-700 ℃, kupitilira kutentha kwa dizilo.
3. Kukula sitiroko
Pistoni ikatsala pang'ono kutha, jekeseni wamafuta amayamba kubaya dizilo mu silinda, kusakaniza ndi mpweya kuti apange chisakanizo choyaka, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imadziyaka yokha.Panthawiyi, kuthamanga mkati mwa silinda kumakwera pafupifupi 6000-9000kPa, ndipo kutentha kumafika pamtunda (1800-2200) ℃.Mothandizidwa ndi mpweya wotentha kwambiri komanso wothamanga kwambiri, pisitoni imatsika mpaka pakati pakufa ndikuyendetsa crankshaft kuti izungulire, kugwira ntchito.Pamene pisitoni yowonjezera mpweya imatsika, mphamvu yake imachepa pang'onopang'ono mpaka valve yotulutsa mpweya itatsegulidwa.
4. Kutaya mphamvu
4. Kutaya mphamvu
Cholinga cha sitiroko yotulutsa mpweya ndikuchotsa mpweya wotuluka mu silinda.Akamaliza kugunda kwamphamvu, gasi mu silinda yakhala mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, ndipo kutentha kwake kumatsikira ku (800 ~ 900) ℃ ndipo kuthamanga kumatsika mpaka (294 ~ 392) kPa.Panthawiyi, valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatsegulidwa pamene valavu yolowetsa imakhalabe yotsekedwa, ndipo pisitoni imayenda kuchokera pansi pakufa kupita kumtunda wakufa.Pansi pa kukanikiza kotsalira ndi kuponyedwa kwa pistoni mu silinda, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umatulutsidwa kunja kwa silinda.Pistoni ikafikanso pakatikati pakufa, ntchito yotulutsa mpweya imatha.Pambuyo pomaliza kutha, valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatseka ndipo valve yowonjezera imatsegula kachiwiri, kubwereza kuzungulira kotsatira ndikupitirizabe kugwira ntchito kunja.
3, Gulu ndi makhalidwe a injini dizilo
Injini ya dizilo ndi injini yoyaka mkati yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito dizilo ngati mafuta.Ma injini a dizilo ndi a injini zoyatsira moto, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa Dizilo pambuyo pa woyambitsa wawo wamkulu, Dizilo.Injini ya dizilo ikagwira ntchito, imakoka mpweya kuchokera pa silinda ndipo imakanikizidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa pisitoni, kufika kutentha kwambiri kwa 500-700 ℃.Kenaka, mafutawa amawapopera mu mpweya wotentha kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a nkhungu, osakanikirana ndi mpweya wotentha kwambiri kuti apange chisakanizo choyaka, chomwe chimangoyaka ndi kuyaka.Mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa pakuyaka imagwira pamwamba pa pisitoni, kuigwedeza ndikuisintha kukhala ntchito yamakina yozungulira kudzera pa ndodo yolumikizira ndi crankshaft.
1. Mtundu wa injini ya dizilo
(1) Malinga ndi kayendetsedwe ka ntchito, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi ndi injini za dizilo ziwiri.
(2) Malinga ndi njira yozizirira, imatha kugawidwa m'ma injini a dizilo oziziritsidwa ndi madzi komanso mpweya.
(3) Malinga ndi njira yolowera, imatha kugawidwa m'ma injini a dizilo a turbocharged komanso osatulutsa turbocharged (mwachilengedwe).
(4) Malinga ndi liwiro, injini za dizilo zitha kugawidwa m'magulu othamanga kwambiri (opitilira 1000 rpm), sing'anga (300-1000 rpm), komanso otsika (osakwana 300 rpm).
(5) Malinga ndi chipinda choyaka moto, injini za dizilo zitha kugawidwa kukhala jakisoni wachindunji, chipinda chozungulira, ndi mitundu ya pre chamber.
(6) Malingana ndi momwe amachitira ndi gasi, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu amodzi, ochita kawiri, komanso otsutsana ndi injini za dizilo za pistoni.
(7) Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa masilindala, imatha kugawidwa mu silinda imodzi ndi injini za dizilo zambiri.
(8) Malinga ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake, amatha kugawidwa m'mainjini a dizilo am'madzi, ma injini a dizilo, ma injini a dizilo, ma injini a dizilo aulimi, ma injini a dizilo a uinjiniya, ma injini a dizilo opangira mphamvu, ndi injini za dizilo zokhazikika.
(9) Malinga ndi njira yoperekera mafuta, imatha kugawidwa m'makina othamanga kwambiri pampu yamafuta amafuta komanso kuthamanga kwapamtunda wamba njanji zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi.
(10) Malinga ndi makonzedwe a masilindala, amatha kugawidwa m'makonzedwe owongoka ndi V-woboola, makonzedwe otsutsana, makonzedwe a W, mawonekedwe a nyenyezi, ndi zina zotero.
(11) Malingana ndi msinkhu wa mphamvu, ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (200KW), apakati (200-1000KW), akuluakulu (1000-3000KW), ndi aakulu (3000KW ndi pamwamba).
2. Makhalidwe a injini za dizilo zopangira mphamvu
Majenereta a dizilo amayendetsedwa ndi injini za dizilo.Poyerekeza ndi zida wamba zopangira magetsi monga ma jenereta amagetsi otenthetsera, ma jenereta opangira magetsi, ma jenereta amagetsi amagetsi, majenereta amagetsi a nyukiliya, ndi zina zambiri, ali ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, kuphatikizika, ndalama zazing'ono, zotsika pang'ono, kutentha kwambiri, kuyambira kosavuta, kuwongolera kosinthika, njira zosavuta zogwirira ntchito, kukonza ndi kukonza kosavuta, kutsika mtengo wophatikizika ndikupangira magetsi, komanso kusungirako ndi kusunga mafuta.Ma injini ambiri a dizilo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya injini za dizilo kapena zolinga zina, zomwe zili ndi izi:
(1) Mafupipafupi okhazikika ndi liwiro
Mafupipafupi a mphamvu ya AC amakhazikika pa 50Hz ndi 60Hz, kotero liwiro la jenereta likhoza kukhala 1500 ndi 1800r / min.China ndi mayiko omwe kale anali kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za Soviet amagwiritsa ntchito 1500r / min, pamene mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi America amagwiritsa ntchito 1800r / min.
(2) Mtundu wokhazikika wamagetsi
The linanena bungwe voteji wa seti dizilo jenereta ntchito ku China ndi 400/230V (6.3kV akanema jenereta lalikulu), ndi pafupipafupi 50Hz ndi mphamvu chinthu cha cos ф= 0.8.
(3) Kusiyanasiyana kwa kusiyana kwa mphamvu ndi kwakukulu.
Mphamvu zamainjini a dizilo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi zimatha kusiyana ndi 0.5kW mpaka 10000kW.Nthawi zambiri, ma injini a dizilo okhala ndi mphamvu zoyambira 12-1500kW amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo opangira magetsi oyenda m'manja, magwero amagetsi osunga zobwezeretsera, magwero amagetsi adzidzidzi, kapena magwero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumidzi.Malo opangira magetsi osasunthika kapena am'madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magwero amagetsi, okhala ndi mphamvu zotulutsa makumi masauzande a kilowatts.
(4) Ali ndi nkhokwe inayake ya mphamvu.
Ma injini a dizilo opangira magetsi nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pansi pazikhalidwe zokhazikika komanso zotsika mtengo.Magwero amagetsi adzidzidzi ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera nthawi zambiri amavotera mphamvu ya 12h, pomwe magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amavotera mphamvu yosalekeza (mphamvu yofananira ya jenereta iyenera kuchotsera kutayika komanso kutulutsa mphamvu yagalimoto, ndikusiya nkhokwe inayake yamagetsi).
(5) Wokhala ndi chipangizo chowongolera liwiro.
Kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa ma frequency a voltage ya seti ya jenereta, zida zowongolera kuthamanga kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa.Pa ntchito yofananira ndi ma seti a jenereta olumikizidwa ndi gridi, zida zosinthira liwiro zimayikidwa.
(6)Ili ndi chitetezo ndi ntchito zodzichitira.
Chidule:
(7)Chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa injini za dizilo pakupangira magetsi kukhala ngati magwero amagetsi osunga zobwezeretsera, magwero amagetsi am'manja, ndi magwero amagetsi ena, kufunikira kwa msika kukukulirakulira chaka ndi chaka.Kumanga kwa State Grid kwayenda bwino kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu zamagetsi zathandiza kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi.Munkhaniyi, kugwiritsa ntchito injini za dizilo pakupangira magetsi pamsika waku China ndizochepa, komabe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukweza chuma cha dziko.Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza chaukadaulo wopanga, ukadaulo wowongolera zokha, ukadaulo wamagetsi, komanso ukadaulo wopanga zinthu padziko lonse lapansi.Ma injini a dizilo opangira magetsi akupita ku miniaturization, mphamvu zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa, mpweya wochepa, phokoso lochepa, komanso luntha.Kupita patsogolo kopitilira muyeso ndi zosintha zamakina ofananirako zakweza mphamvu yotsimikizira mphamvu zamagetsi komanso mulingo waukadaulo wamainjini a dizilo popangira magetsi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo kupitilira kwamphamvu zotsimikizira zamagetsi m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-02-2024