Injini: Mainjini a dizilo amatha kutulutsa mphamvu mukamagwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa chofunda cha kuyamwa ndi crank cholumikiza rod chimasinthira mphamvu yamafuta mu mphamvu m'makina, ayeneranso kukhala ndi njira zofananira ndi machitidwe awo, ndipo njira izi zimalumikizidwa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito injini za dizilo imakhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zamakina ndi machitidwe, koma ntchito zawo ndizofanana. Injiniya ya diesel imakhala yopangidwa ndi zigawo za thupi komanso njira zolumikizira ndi zida zowonjezera komanso zolimbitsa thupi, makina othamanga, machitidwe ozizira, zida zina ndi njira zina.
1, kapangidwe kake ndi gulu logwiritsira ntchito ma injini
IDEL Injini ndi mtundu wa injini ya oyamwa mkati, omwe ndi chipangizo chosinthira mphamvu zomwe zimasinthira mphamvu ya kutentha yomwe imatulutsidwa kuchokera ku mafuta oyaka mu mphamvu. Injiniya ya diesel ndi gawo limodzi la jenereta yolumikizira rod imagwirira makina, makina opangira magetsi, dongosolo lamagetsi, dongosolo lamadzi
1. Crankshaft cholumikiza rod
Pofuna kutembenuza mphamvu zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi mphamvu mu mphamvu yamagetsi, ndikofunikira kumaliza kudzera mu crankshaft yolumikiza rod. Makina awa amakhala makamaka ndi zigawo monga ma piston, piston zikhomo, zolumikiza ndodo, mabatani, ndi ma flywheels ,. Mafuta akamayamwa m'chipinda chochenjera, kukula kwa mpweya kumatulutsa zigawenga pamwamba pa piston, kukankhira pisitoni kuti musunthire mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Mothandizidwa ndi ndodo yolumikizira, crankshaft imazungulira kuyendetsa makina ogwirira ntchito (katundu) kuti ugwire ntchito.
2. Gulu la thupi
Zida za thupi zimaphatikizapo ma cylinder block, mutu wa silinda, ndi crankca. Ndiye Msonkhano wa Msonkhano wa Makina Osiyanasiyana Makina Ogwiritsa Ntchito Muifesel, ndipo ziwalo zambiri zaili ndi zigawo zolumikizira, njira zamagetsi ndi njira zowongolera, ndi kuziziritsa machitidwe. Mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa chisoti chaching'ono ndi piston pamodzi ndi malo oyaka choyaka, ndi magawo ambiri, kudya matulutse, ndipo malembawo amakonzedwanso.
3. Njira yogawika
Kuti chipangizocho chizisintha mphamvu zamafuta mu mphamvu yamagetsi, liyeneranso kukhala ndi zida zowonjezera mpweya kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kutulutsa mpweya woyaka.
Sitima ya valavu imapangidwa ndi gulu la valavu (vumba lamphamvu, chitsogozo cha vumba, chitsogozo cha valavu, ndi gulu la arcker, lopopera, ndi magiya a nthawi , etc.). Ntchito ya sitima ya valavu imatseguka ndikutseka kudya ndikuthamangira molingana ndi zofunikira zina, ndikutulutsa mpweya wabwino, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira yosalala ikhale mpweya wabwino.
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Mphamvu zamafuta ziyenera kupereka mafuta ena, omwe amatumizidwa kuchipinda chochezera ndikusakanikirana kwathunthu ndi mpweya kuti atulutse kutentha. Chifukwa chake, payenera kukhala dongosolo lamafuta.
Ntchito ya makina ogulitsa ma diilsel amapangira dizilo mu chipinda cha kuyaka pachipinda china pakukakamiza kwakanthawi, ndikusakaniza ndi mpweya kuti mugwire ntchito. Zimakhala ndi thanki ya dizilo, Pulogalamu Yosamutsa Mafuta, Phulusa la Diesel, Pampu Yokwera Mafuta (pampu yamafuta, wowongolera kuthamanga, enc.
5. Dongosolo lozizira
Kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa injini zam'madzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana, injini zama dizilo ziyenera kukhala ndi njira yozizira. Dongosolo lozizira liyenera kukhala ndi zigawo monga pampu yamadzi, radiator, thermostat, fan, ndi jekete yamadzi.
6. Dongosolo la mafuta
Ntchito ya mankhwala opangira mafuta ndikuti kutsuka mafuta ku mikangano pamiyala yosiyanasiyana ya inshuwale, omwe amatenga nawo gawo pakuchepetsa, ndikuchepetsa kukana kwa mikangano, ndikuvala Kutalikirana ndi kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi kukangana, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito ya disilosel ikhale. Zimakhala ndi pampu yamafuta, zosefera mafuta, radiator yamafuta, mavaini osiyanasiyana, ndi mafuta opangira mafuta.
7. Yambitsani dongosolo
Kuti muyambe mwachangu injini ya diesel, chida choyambira chimafunikiranso kuyendetsa chiyambi cha injini ya diilosel. Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyambira, zinthu zomwe zidali ndi chipangizo choyambira nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi magetsi kapena ma pnerutic motor. Kwa genereta yapamwamba kwambiri yamphamvu, mpweya wothinikizidwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira.
2, mfundo yogwira ntchito ya injini zinayi za stroke diesel
Mwanjira yamatenthedwe, pokhapokha ngati njira yowonjezera yogwira ntchito imatha kugwira ntchito, ndipo timafunikira injini kuti ipange ntchito yamakina, motero tiyenera kupanga kuti ntchitoyo ikuwonjezereka mobwerezabwereza. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyesa kubwezeretsa madzi akumadzi oyambira pamaso pake asanakulitse. Chifukwa chake, injini yaifa iyenera kudutsa njira zinayi zopangira marrmal: kusunthika, kukakamiza, kukakamiza, kuloleza injini yake isanakwane. Chifukwa chake, njira zinayi pamwambapa zimatchedwa kuzungulira kwa ntchito. Ngati piston ya injini yaidelo imaliza mikwingwirima inayi ndikumaliza ntchito imodzi yogwira ntchito, injini imatchedwa injini zinayi stroke.
1. Chakudya chambiri
Cholinga cha kudya komwe kuwonongeka ndikutulutsa mpweya wabwino ndikukonzekera mafuta. Kuti mukwaniritse kudya, kusiyana kwa kukakamizidwa kuyenera kupangidwa pakati pa mkati ndi kunja kwa silinda. Chifukwa chake, nthawi ya sitiroko iyi, valavu yotulutsa iyo itseka, valavu yanthawi yotseguka, ndipo piston imayenda kuchokera ku malo ofa pansi mpaka pansi. Voliyumuyo mu cylinder pamwamba pa piston pang'onopang'ono imakulitsa, ndipo kupanikizika kumachepa. Kutengera kwa mpweya mu silinda kuli pafupifupi 68-93kpa kotsika kuposa kupanikizika kwa m'mlengalenga. Pakuchitapo kanthu kwa mpweya wa m'mlengalenga, mpweya watsopano umayamwa mu silinda kudutsa valavu. Piston ikafika pamalo akufa, valavu yofulumira imatseka ndi kuwonongeka kwamisala.
2. Chuma Controko
Cholinga cha kukakamiza komwe kudwala ndikukulitsa kupsinjika ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mkati mwa cylinder, kupanga mikhalidwe kuti ithe. Chifukwa cha chakudya chotsekedwa ndi ma valves, mpweya mu silinda umakakamizidwa, ndipo kupsinjika ndi kutentha kumachulukanso. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kukakamiza, ndipo injini za dizilo zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala ndi kusiyana pang'ono. Pamene piston imafika ku malo ofawo apamwamba kwambiri, kukakamizidwa kwa mpweya mu cylinder kumafika (3000-5000) KPA ndi kutentha kopitilira 500-700 ℃, kutentha kopitilira ma dizilo.
3. Kukula kwa Stroke
Pamene piston yatsala pang'ono kutha, jekeser jakisoni imayamba kuvala yilesi mu silindalsel mu silindalsel, kusakaniza ndi mpweya kuti apange osakaniza ophatikizika, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amadziyimira. Pakadali pano, kukakamizidwa mkatikati mwa cylinder kumangofika pafupifupi 6000-9000Kpa, ndipo kutentha kumafika kwambiri ngati (1800-2200) ℃. Pakapangidwe kwambiri ndi mpweya wambiri komanso mpweya wambiri, pistoni imasunthira ku likulu lakufa ndikuyendetsa crankshaft kuti izungulira, ndikugwira ntchito. Pamene pistoni wa mpweya umatsika, kukakamizidwa kwake kumachepa pang'onopang'ono mpaka valavu yothetsera.
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Cholinga cha matenda otuluka ndikuchotsa mpweya wamafuta kuchokera pa silinda. Pambuyo pa sitiroko yamphamvu imamalizidwa, gasi mu silindayo yatulutsa mpweya, ndipo kutentha kwake kumatsika (800 ~ 900) ℃ ndi kupanikizika madontho mpaka (294 ~ 392) KPA. KPA. Pakadali pano, valavu yotulutsa imatseguka pomwe valavu yakutha imatseka, ndipo piston imasunthira kuchokera pakati lakufa mpaka pamtunda wakufa kwambiri. Pansi pa kupanikizika kotsalira ndi piston ku cylinder, gasi yomaliza imatulutsidwa kunja kwa silinda. Piston ikafika pamalo ofawanso, njira yotopetsa imatha. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa njirayi kumamalizidwa, valavu yotulutsa imatseketsa ndipo valavu ya anthu imatseguka, kubwereza kuzungulira kotsatira komanso mopitilira muyeso.
3, gulu ndi mawonekedwe a injini za dizilo
Injiniya ya diesel ndi injini yoyaka mkati yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito dizilo ngati mafuta. Igel Injini ya ma dizilo imayenera kutanthauzira injini yaikulu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa ngati injini zama dizilo pambuyo poyambitsa, dizilo. Ngati injini ya diesel ikugwira ntchito, imakoka mlengalenga kuchokera pa silinda ndipo imapanikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa piston, kufikira kutentha kwambiri kwa 500-700 ℃. Kenako, mafutawo amathiridwa mu mpweya wambiri mu mawonekedwe amkati, osakanizidwa ndi mpweya wotentha kwambiri kuti apange osakaniza ophatikizika, omwe amatonthoza ndi kuwotcha. Mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa mukamagwira pa piston, ikukankhira ndikusintha kukhala yozungulira pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo yolumikizira ndi crankshaft.
1. Mtundu wa injini
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(2) Malinga ndi njira yozizira, imatha kugawidwa m'madzi ozizira komanso mpweya wokhazikika.
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(4) Malinga ndi liwiro, injini zama dizilo zitha kugawidwa kukhala liwiro lalikulu (zopitilira 1000), kuthamanga kwa sing'anga (300-1000 rpm), ndi 300 rpm).
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2. Makhalidwe a injini zama dizilo za m'badwo wamphamvu
Diesel genereta imapangidwa ndi injini za dizilo. Poyerekeza ndi zida zamphamvu zam'madzi monga majeremute majeretamu, ma gentine opanga nyukiliya, magetsi a nyukiliya, zochulukirapo, kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuni zazing'ono, zowonjezera, Kusinthasintha kosinthika, njira zosavuta zogwirira ntchito, kukonza mosavuta ndi kukonza, kutsika mtengo kwathunthu kwa msonkhano ndi magetsi operekera magetsi ndikusungirako. Mainjini a dizilo ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena cholinga china chainjini, chomwe chili ndi izi:
(1) pafupipafupi komanso kuthamanga
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya ac kumakhazikika pa 50hz ndi 60hz, kotero kuthamanga kwa jenereta kungakhale 1500 ndi 1800r / min. China ndi Eviet Powernation Mayiko omwe akuwononga Soviet amagwiritsa ntchito 1500r / mphindi, pomwe mayiko aku Europe ndi America amagwiritsa ntchito 1800r / mphindi.
(2) Mitundu yamagetsi yokhazikika
Magetsi otulutsa dinilo ogwiritsira ntchito ku China ndi 400 / 230v (6.3kv kwa genereta yayikulu), ndi kuchuluka kwa 50hz ndi mphamvu ya cos ф = 0.8.
(3) Magetsi osiyanasiyana ndi osiyanasiyana.
Mphamvu ya ma dizilo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa mibadwo imatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 0,5kw mpaka 10000kw. Nthawi zambiri, injini zama dizilo ndi magetsi 12-1500kw zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo opanga mafoni, zosunga mphamvu zam'magetsi, mphamvu zadzidzidzi, kapena zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mphamvu zakumidzi. Maudindo okhazikika kapena am'madzi amagwiritsa ntchito ngati magwero olemera, ndi kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa ma kilowtts.
(4) ali ndi magetsi ena.
Maizi amagetsi m'badwo wamphamvu umagwira ntchito pansi pa ntchito zokhazikika ndi mitengo yayikulu. Zadzidzidzi ndi Zosunga Mphamvu zamphamvu nthawi zambiri zimavotera mphamvu ya 12H, pomwe magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopitilira muyeso zomwe zimasungidwa ndikuchotsa mphamvu, ndikusiya mphamvu inayake).
(5) okhala ndi chida chowongolera.
Kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa magetsi am'madzi otulutsa jeneretor omwe amakhazikitsidwa, zida zapamwamba kwambiri zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa. Pa ntchito yofananira ndi jeked yolumikizidwa ndi jeked yolumikizidwa, zida zowonjezera zimayikidwa.
(6)Ili ndi kutetezedwa ndi ntchito zamagetsi.
Chidule:
(7)Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito injini zazikuluzikulu zam'madzi kuti zitheke kukhala ndi mphamvu zopitilira muyeso, magetsi am'madzi, ndi magetsi ena, zomwe zimafuna msika pamsika zakhala zikuwonjezeka chaka. Kupanga boma Gridi kwakwaniritsa bwino, ndipo magetsi atha kukwaniritsa zophimba padziko lonse lapansi. Munthawi iyi, kugwiritsa ntchito ma injini a dizilo kuti mzinda wa China mu msika wa China ulibe malire, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwachuma cha dziko. Ndi luso lopitilira muukadaulo wopanga, ukadaulo wokhathatikiza utongi wowongolera, ukadaulo wamagetsi, komanso ukadaulo wopanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu padziko lonse lapansi. Maipiesel akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu m'badwo wamagetsi akupanga chizolowezi cha miniaturization, mphamvu yayikulu, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa, phokoso lotsika, phokoso lotsika, phokoso lotsika, komanso luntha. Kupita patsogolo mosalekeza ndi zosintha za matekinoloje okhudzana ndi magetsi kumatsimikizira kuthekera kwamphamvu komanso ma injini a mitu sersel omwe amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi magetsi otsimikizira kuti ali ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana.
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Post Nthawi: Apr-02-2024